Journal of Advanced Biomedical Sciences
Volume:10 Issue: 4, 2021

Methamphetamine is a hallucinogenic and addictive substance that is widely used worldwide. Cellular toxicity in various cells, especially in nerve cells, is one of the reported effects of this psychoactive substance. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of methamphetamine cytotoxicity on adult mesenchymal stem cells

In this experimental study, mesenchymal stem cells were extracted from the adipose tissue of adult male rats of the Wistar breed and after culturing, their being mesenchymal was confirmed by flowcytometry method using CD34-RPE, CD90-RPE and CD105-RPE conjugate antibodies. In the third passage of cell culture, the effect of methamphetamine toxicity at a concentration of 0.6 mmol during 1 to 7 days on the growth process of these cells was investigated by MTT test.

The cells detached from the adipose tissue were completely adhered to the floor of the flask 24 hours after being transferred to the cell culture flask. The results of flowcytometry showed that the expression of negative endothelial surface marker (CD34) and the expression of mesenchymal cell markers (CD90, CD105) were positive, which confirmed the basic identity of the extracted cells. The results of the MTT test also showed a significant reduction in the growth of cells treated with 0.6 mmol methamphetamine compared with the control group at p <0.05.

Cells isolated from adipose tissue are the basic mesenchymal type in which methamphetamine can induce the effects of cell toxicity and inhibit growth.

Professional communication is the most important feature for people working in health care systems and the heart of nursing care. The aim of this study was to determine the status of professional communication between physicians and operating room personnel from the perspective of both groups in educational hospitals in the south of Fars province in Iran, 2019.

The present study was performed using descriptive-analytical method. Sampling was performed using a census. The participants consisted of 603 (134 physicians and 469 operating room personnel). Data collection tool was a professional communication questionnaire whose validity and reliability were confirmed. Data analysis was conducted using Pearsonchr('39')s correlation coefficient, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and descriptive statistics in SPSS – V22.

The average score, the professional communication from the perspective of personnel and physicians in the operating room, was moderate. Also, the perspectives of these two groups showed significant differences in three dimensions of respect and mutual trust, teamwork and workplace conflicts (P <0.05). There was no significant relationship between demographic variable (Age and Gender) and professional communication scores in both groups.

Considering the average score of professional relationship in the research community, it is necessary to hold training programs by health system managers in order to improve professional communication skills.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the gram-negative, opportunistic, catalase-positive pathogens that causes important opportunistic infections such as urinary tract infection, pneumonia, and septicemia. It is resistant to many antibiotics, including third-generation cephalosporins, penicillin and cephamycin. The prevalence of the Metallo-β-lactamase, blaIMP1 and blaVIM1 genes in Pseudomonas Aeruginosa isolated from hospitalized patients in Urmia hospitals has not been investigated yet. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of blaVIM1 and blaIMP1 metallo-β-lactamase genes in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from hospitalized patients in Urmia.

In this descriptive cross-sectional study, from May to August 2019, a total of 75 P. aeruginosa from different sections (urine, wound and lung secretions) were collected from Urmia medical centers. After bacterial confirmation by biochemical tests, antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed using the disc release method. Identification of blaVIM1 and blaIMP1 genes in the samples was performed using PCR method.

The results of the antibiotic susceptibility test showed 86.6% of resistance to beta-lactam drugs in the isolates. In this study, the highest resistance to cefotaxime (86.6%) and the lowest resistance to gentamicin was observed (16%). Based on the PCR results, 55.38% of isolates contained blaIMP1 gene and 0% contained blaVIM1.

The result of this study showed a large percentage of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were resistant to carbapenem antibiotics, and blaIMP1 was dominant gene among carbapenem-resistant strains. Since the importance of Metallo-β-lactamase generating strains in the hospitals, rapid identification of these strains can be an important step in the treatment and control of infections caused by these strains.

Fennel as a medicinal plant has a long history of use in traditional herbal medicine. But there have been few reports of this drug toxicity in different tissues. In this study, the effect of aqueous extract of fennel on the kidneys of adult male BALB/C mice and renal blood factors was investigated.

In this study, 40 adult male BALB/C mice in the range of 20-22 g were used. Mice were divided into 5 groups. Group 1: Control, Group 2: Sham, that received normal saline intraperitoneal (IP) for 14 days. Experimental groups received doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg of body weight of the aqueous extract of fennel IP for 14 days. After 14 days of treatment, the mice were anesthetized and after blood sampling from the heart, their kidneys were removed for pathology examination. Histological sections were prepared and stained with H & E and investigated by the optical microscope. Data were analyzed using SPSS software.

The mean number of glomeruli, cortex thickness, vascular occlusion, leukocyte infiltration and other histologic indices in the group received 200 mg/kg of an aqueous extract of fennel had a significant difference with control group. However, weight, BUN, creatinine and medulla thickness indices did not have any significant difference with the control group.

The results showed that aqueous extract of fennel at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg had no toxic effects on parenchyma and renal cells, but dose of 200 mg/kg had toxic effects on the kidney.

APACHE scoring systems are performed to predict the mortality rate of patients admitted to the hospitalchr('39')s intensive care unit (ICU). At present, APACHE II, III and VI are used in ICUs of Iranian hospitals. Due to the high mortality rate in the ICU, compared to other parts of the hospital and the use of APACHE systems in predicting the mortality rate, determining the best predictor is very important. Therefore, this study was performed to determine the best system for predicting the mortality of patients admitted to the ICU.

An electronic search in SID, Magiran, PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar databases was performed until November 2019 using keywords. The list of key study sources was also reviewed to find studies that may not have been found through electronic search. The quality of studies was assessed with STROBE checklist. Data analysis was performed using CMA software version 2.

21 studies involving 3576 patients were meta-analyzed. 14 studies used the APACHE II, three studied used Apache III, and four studied used Apache IV. The meta-analyses found that the final estimate of the accuracy of the APACHE II in predicting mortality was 0.052 (CI = 0.030; 0.091), APACHE III 0.09 (CI = 0.029; 0.245), and APACHE IV 0.088 (C.I = 0.031; 0.228).

The findings of this study showed that the APACHE III had more accuracy in predicting the mortality rate of patients admitted to the ICU compared to APACHE II and IV. The ward has special care. It is recommended that this scoring system be used in hospitals to prioritize patients admitted to the ICU.

Patients with diabetes have impaired beta cells function and insulin secretion. Exercise training may have a significant role in the improvement of these disorders through the expression of the specific genes. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of eight weeks of moderate-intensity continuous and resistance training on the glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3β) gene expression, and serum glucose and insulin levels in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

24 rats were divided into four groups: healthy control, diabetic control, diabetic + moderate-intensity continuous training, and diabetic + moderate-intensity resistance training. Diabetes was induced by intravenous injection of 110 mg nicotinamide, and 40 mg streptozotocin per kg of body weight. Exercise training intervention was performed for eight weeks. Expression of GSK-3β gene in pancreatic tissue was measured by real-time PCR, and serum glucose and insulin levels were measured by ELISA. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance.

Insulin levels in the resistance and continuous training groups increased compared to the diabetic control group (p<0.05) and decreased compared to the healthy control group (p<0.05). Also, blood glucose levels in the resistance and continuous training groups decreased compared to the diabetic control group (p<0.05) and increased compared to the healthy control group (p<0.05). Moreover, the results showed a significant decrease in GSK-3β gene expression in the resistance and continuous training groups compared to the healthy control and diabetic control groups (p<0.05).

It seems that insulin secretion can increase through the decrease in GSK-3β expression following the eight weeks of moderate-intensity continuous and resistance training.

The aim of present study was to compare happiness and life satisfaction in athlete and non-athlete postmenopausal women.

This comparative study was the causal type of co relational studies. The sample of this study included all 49-59 years old athlete and non-athlete postmenopausal women in the city of Dezful, Iran. The 100 athletes and non-athletes postmenopausal were selected by cluster sampling method. They were homogenized based on age, educational status, not suffering from acute physical and mental disorder and other criteria considered in this research. The instruments were Oxford happiness questionnaire and life satisfaction inventory. The data were analyzed using multi-variate analysis of variance method.

The results revealed that there was a significant difference between athlete and non-athletes in terms of happiness and its subscales including self-esteem, subjective well-being, positive mood and life satisfaction (P<0.001). The results showed that athlete postmenopausal women were significantly better than non- athlete postmenopausal women in happiness and life satisfaction.

It seems that regular physical activity has desirable effect on post-menopausal women. These results indicated that regular physical activity exercise decreased mental side effect of postmenopausal athlete compared to postmenopausal women.

Diabetes is the most common metabolic disorder that disrupts the reproductive system. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Abelmoschus esculentus fruit hydroalcoholic extract on pituitary-testicular hormones and the expression of Arginase II gene in streptozotocin-induced diabetic adult rats.

In this experimental study, 36 adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups including the control (untreated), positive control (60 mg/kg streptozotocin), negative control (400 mg/kg Abelmoschus esculentus hydroalcoholic extract), experimental 1, 2 and 3 (first 60 mg/kg streptozotocin and then 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg of Abelmoschus esculentus hydroalcoholic extract, respectively). 28 days later, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone hormones were measured by ELISA and the Arginase II gene expression was measured by Real-Time PCR. The results were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s post hoc tests.

Compared to the control group, the levels of FSH and LH hormones increased significantly and the testosterone level decreased significantly in the positive control group. However, there were no significant changes in hormone levels in the negative control group. In experimental groups, the improvement in FSH, LH and testosterone levels was observed as dose-dependent compared to the control group. The expression level of Arginase II gene in the positive control and experimental 1 groups significantly reduced compared to the control group, but no significant changes were observed in the other groups.

The Abelmoschus esculentus fruit hydroalcoholic extract in maximum dose has protective effects on the level of pituitary-testicular hormones and the expression of Arginase II gene in diabetic rats.

Chronic low-back pain is one of the most common disorders associated with chronic pain and is one of the costliest health care problems. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between back pain and physical activity in different occupations.

The research method was cross-sectional, descriptive-analytic and the statistical population of the study was the residents of Shashdeh in the city of Fasa in Fars province among whom 10,000 people were selected by census method. The instrument used was a national cohort questionnaire. To analyze the data, descriptive statistical tests, chi-square, independent t-test as well as logistic regression were used to model and estimate the odds ratio (OR) in SPSS-24 software.

The mean and standard deviation of age of the participants in the study was 48.64 (9.57) and 54.8% of the study population were women. There was a significant difference between gender and low-back pain (P <0.000). With increasing one year of age, the chance of low-back pain increases 1.025 times (CI = 1.019 / 1.019 / 1.01, OR = 1.025). and people with heavy work status were 1.52 times more likely to have low-back pain compared with housewives (CI = 1.255 / 1-253, OR = 1.52)

Based on the results, it is suggested that intervention measures be taken to prevent low-back pain so that these disorders can be controlled in the future. Also, by training all people to perform physical activity and the principles of ergonomics in the workplace, it helps to improve the physical and mental health of people and causes better performance.

Coenzyme Q10 has potent antioxidant properties and is involved in the redox cycle as an energy carrier. Silver nanoparticles increase the potential hazards on the reproductive system by producing reactive oxygen species and reduce sperm quality and fertility. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of silver nanoparticles on in vitro fertilizing potential and oxidative stress indices in mice.

In this study, 20 adult male mice were divided into 5 control and experimental groups. The control group did not receive any substances. In the experimental groups, silver nanoparticles were fed at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg. In one group, coenzyme Q10 was given at a dose of 200 mg/kg alone. In the last group, the animals received silver nanoparticles + coenzyme Q10 together. After the treatment period, the mice were euthanized. For testosterone investigation, blood sampling and then for IVF evaluation, sperms from the tail of the epididymis were taken. Testicular tissue was sampled to assess TAC, and MDA and were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and then Tukey test (p<0.05).

IVF results showed that the quality of the fetus and its growth stages in the experimental groups were significantly diminished compared to the control group (p<0.05). Also, malondialdehyde level and total antioxidant capacity in experimental groups increased and decreased significantly compared to the control group, respectively.

The present results exhibited that coenzyme Q10 was able to improve the adverse effects of silver nanoparticles on the reproductive system, sperm quality, and fertility.

The most common way for the spread of resistance genes and the emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR)-Acinetobacter baumannii species is the presence of genetic elements called integrons. Therefore, in recent years, the use of probiotics has been recommended to reduce the complications of resistant bacteria and treatment failure. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of probiotic Lactobacillus casei supernatant on the expression of class 1 integron gene in A. baumannii isolates by Real time PCR.

Sixty clinical samples of blood, respiratory secretions, urine, and ulcers were collected from hospitals in Saveh, Iran. The presence of the intI gene was evaluated by PCR. After treatment with the sub-MIC strains of L. casei supernatant, mRNA was extracted and Real-time PCR was performed to determine the level of integron gene expression and finally the expression level was determined using Δct method. Expression analysis was performed by relative mRNA expression compared to the standard strain and it was performed in SPSS version 18 using t-test statistical analysis.

Out of 12 isolates of A. baumannii, the prevalence of IntI gene was 100%. The fold change for the intI gene was -1.18, indicating that it decreased in the treated group compared to the untreated group (P <0.05).

The results showed that the probiotic supernatant was able to reduce the expression of the intI gene; therefore, the use of probiotics as a supplement or alternative therapy in the drug-resistance microbial infections is recommended.

There are a variety of virulence factors that allow Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) to cause infection in the urinary tract among which biofilm production ability plays the most important role. This study aimed to investigate the possibility of a link between biofilm formation and the flu and csgA virulence genes in this bacterium.

The 45 UPEC isolates were collected from patients with the urinary tract infection in Rasht and following the biochemical and microbiological standard tests, the presence of flu and csgA virulence genes in confirmed isolates was investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Antibiotic sensitivity of the isolates was studied with antibiogram testing to determine its relationship with biofilm formation ability.

The highest antibiotic resistance profile was seen against chloramphenicol and tetracycline. Based on PCR test results, 60% and 82% of isolates have flu and csgA virulence genes, respectively and both genes were present in 55.5% of isolates. Four isolates with low, 10 isolates with strong and 11 isolates with moderate biofilm formation abilities were found to have both flu and csgA genes.

The results showed a significant association between the presence of flu and csgA genes and biofilm production abilities in UPEC strains. Therefore, these genes can be further investigated as a suitable target for therapeutic interventions. In addition, due to the high resistance of these isolates to chloramphenicol and tetracycline antibiotics, these antibiotics are not recommended for the treatment of patients with urinary tract infections.

Diabetes is one of the most common metabolic disorders. Alpha-amylase plays an important role in the development of diabetes by breaking down polysaccharide. Therefore, the search for natural inhibitor for α-amylase is of particular importance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of flavanone compounds on α-amylase enzyme by bioinformatics method.

This study was performed in the computer environment (Bioinformatics). For this purpose, the structure of flavanone compounds and α-amylase was downloaded from PubChem & Protein Data Ban database, respectively. Then, the drug-like parameter and physicochemical properties of flavanone compounds were investigated by Zink database and the Swiss ADME server, respectively. Then, in order to interact the compounds with α-amylase, one molecular docking software AutoDock Tools 6.0 was used. Finally, the results were analyzed using Discovery Studio 3.5.

The results showed that among the selected flavanone, naringenin compound was more desirable in terms of drug-like and physicochemical properties. Also, the result of molecular docking showed that the naringenin compound with a binding energy of -4.9 kcal/mol had the highest inhibitory effect on the α-amylase.

From this study, it can be calculated that naringenin compound shows more inhibitory ability due to its proper placement in the active site of α-amylase enzyme and interaction of key amino acids. By further investigation of this natural compound in In vivo & In vitro, it can be used as a natural inhibitor for the inhibition of α-amylase and the prevention of diabetes.

High dose of acetaminophen (APAP) causes detrimental side effects such as hepatotoxicity. In the present study, the effects of Rosmarinic acid on oxidant-antioxidant balance in APAP-induced hepatotoxicity in male rats were investigated.

A total of 18 male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: control (C), APAP (2 g / kg) and APAP + Rosmarinic acid (20 mg/kg). On the seventh day, after blood sampling, the rats were sacrificed and the number of biochemical parameters, oxidative stress markers and activity of antioxidant enzymes was measured. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS software (V.17).

It was observed that the activity of alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase enzymes significantly increased and the amount of protein carbonyl slightly increased in the APAP group compared to the control group. Glutathione peroxidase activity and total thiol levels were significantly reduced in the APAP group compared to the control group. Rosmarinic acid administration markedly reduced the activity of AST, ALT enzymes and amount of protein carbonyl compared to the APAP group while it significantly increased the activity of glutathione peroxidase and catalase enzymes.

Rosmarinic acid reduces oxidative stress by preventing protein oxidation and increasing the activity of the antioxidant enzymes including glutathione peroxidase and catalase. The effect of hepatic protection of Rosmarinic acid may be due to its antioxidant properties and the trapping of free radicals by this compound.

Today, domestic violence has increased significantly for various reasons and the quarantine period has increased this factor more than before. This study sought to investigate and determine the rate of domestic violence among married women in Fasa during the coronavirus disease, in 1399.

This research is descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional research. The study population consisted of women referring to health centers in Fasa. The sample size was calculated using Cochranchr('39')s formula and was estimated to be 267 people. The data collection tool was a questionnaire to assess the awareness and attitude and practice related to domestic violence against women. Data were analyzed using an independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and Pearson correlation coefficient.

The results showed that there was a significant relationship between awareness of spouse abuse and domestic violence (p<0.05) and this relationship was negative and inverse. There was also a significant relationship between attitudes toward spouse abuse and domestic violence (p <0.05) and this relationship was negative and inverse relationship. The difference between the mean scores of knowledge and attitude between groups of different ages, with different duration of the marriage and groups with different social and economic statuses was significant (p<0.05). However, the difference in knowledge scores between groups with different levels of education was not significant, but the difference in attitude scores between groups with different educations was significant.

Increasing awareness and positive attitude towards spousal abuse reduces domestic violence and conversely, decreasing awareness and negative attitude towards spousal abuse increases domestic violence.

Melatonin is one of the immuno-modulator compounds. The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of improving immune responses following the use of melatonin in a vaccine made from the killed form of Salmonella typhimurium and alum.

This experimental study consists of 50 male NMRI mice that were allocated in 5 equal groups, randomly. Each mouse in different groups was subcutaneously treated with killed preparations of bacteria (106 CFU), killed preparations of bacteria with alum, killed preparation bacteria with melatonin (100mg/kg), combined melatonin and alum with killed preparation bacteria, and finally PBS at two-week intervals. One week after the last immunization, one-half of the mice were euthanized and used for immunological evaluations. Other mice in each group were challenged intraperitoneally with the 107CFU live preparation of S.typhimurium in order to evaluate the protective efficacy of vaccine protocols.

Combined vaccine caused a more favorable survival curve concurrent with a significant increase in the delayed-type hypersensitivity immune response and lymphocyte proliferation after challenging with bacterial antigen compared to other groups (P<0.05). The antibody titers against O and H antigens in the Widal test showed an increase in the alum group more than the melatonin group. The antibody titers showed an increase in the combined group. Nevertheless, this change did not show any significant effect in comparison with the alum group.

Combined melatonin and alum caused a significant increase in immunogenicity and protective effects against the killed preparation of S. typhimurium.

Low back pain is a common complaint that many people face throughout their lives. It is one of the most costly health problems. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of low back pain and risk factors for lifestyle in opioid users and non-opioid drug users in the population of Fasa Persian cohort.

The research method was cross-sectional-descriptive-analytical and the statistical population of the study was the residents of Sheshdeh in Fars province among whom 10,000 people were selected by census method. The instrument used was a national cohort questionnaire and in order to analyze the data, descriptive statistical tests, chi-square, independent t-test as well as logistic regression were used to model and estimate the odds ratio (OR) in SPSS24 software.

The results showed that there was a statistically significant relationship between low back pain and opium, hookah, cigarette and alcohol consumption (P <0.000). With increasing one year of age, the chance of low back pain increases 1.02 times (CI = 1.019-01.191, OR = 1.02). Also, women have 1.67 times more chance of low back pain (CI = 1.44 / 1.94, 67 OR = 1.1) Moreover, people who smoke hookah have 1.43 times more back pain (CI = 0.526-0.92, OR = 1.43). The chance of low back pain in people who sneeze is 2.50 times higher (CI = 1.34-3.67, OR = 2.50). The chance of low back pain in people who smoke is 1.20 times higher (CI = 1.03-1.032 / C1, OR = 1.20) and with an increase in BMI, the chance of low back pain in people increases by 1.017 times (029 / 1-017 / 1 = CI, 017/1 = OR).

The results of the present study showed that there is no difference between opioid (opium) and non-opioid drugs (cigarettes, hookah, nasal sprays and alcohol) with low back pain and these substances decreased calcium levels due to their effect on the musculoskeletal system and increased bone mass density and eventually lead to low back pain in consumers.

domestic violence is a type of social harm that can have adverse effects on different aspects of human life, of which the most important ones can be psychological outcomes such as depression and anxiety that can cost a lot to both the individual and the community. The purpose of this study was to compare the psychological distress profile and maladaptive personality dimensions (PID-5) among the victim and persecutor people referring to the problem of spouse abuse in the social emergency.

The method of this research is causal-comparative study. The statistical population of this study included all participants who referred to the social emergency with the problem of spouse abuse in 2018. Sixty couples were selected through Purposive sampling. Data were collected by Personality Inventory for DSM-5 [PID-5], Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (Dass-21) and the standard questionnaire on violence against women. Data were analyzed using descriptive indicators and Multivariate and univariate analysis of variance.

The results showed that victim dimension in personality, negative affect and dimensions of psychological distress profile, including anxiety and stress, experienced high levels of Persecutor, but this difference was significant but in other dimensions there was no significant difference, as well as Persecutor in Personality dimensions include Antagonism, and Disinhibiting of higher levels of experience, which is significant between the two groups.

The findings of this study indicate that the education and treatment of these subjects can by recognition and diagnosis some of the clinical problems and maladaptive personality traits in the victim and Persecutor people.

 Diabetes mellitus type 1 is an autoimmune disease in which the B-cells of the pancreas are damaged, leading to insulin deficiency and finally hyperglycemia. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of resveratrol consumption on cellular metabolic pathways in type 1 diabetic patients using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. 

 Thirteen individuals with type 1 diabetes participated in this clinical trial designed as before and after exploratory investigation. All the participants received 500mg capsules of resveratrol twice daily for 60 days. Blood collection was done before resveratrol supplementation, after 30 days, and at the end of 60 days. The data were obtained at three different timings, compared with applying the HNMR spectroscopy. Spectra were processed, and PLS-DA analysis methods were applied to data. Outliers were taken, and the HMDB metabolites databank specified the metabolites and its pathways. 

The main variations identified in this investigation were as follows: short and long-chain fatty acid metabolism, the metabolic pathway of triacylglycerol, 1-propanol, and ethanoic acid, leading to an increase in butyraldehyde and 1-butanol metabolites.

 The results of this research showed a reduction in palmitic acid biosynthesis. This finding suggests that resveratrol may cause significant changes in adipocyte metabolism by inducing adipogenesis and apoptosis in the adipocyte. It may also play a role in improving the production of insulin, leading to low blood glucose levels.

Saffron is the most expensive spice in the world and the extract of this valuable spice not only has valuable nutritional properties but also has various applications in food formulation. In recent years, there has been a great need for the creation of resources from medicinal plants due to the role of phytochemicals and oxidants in human health. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the chemical properties, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of stigma and petal extracts.

After extract preparation with perculation method, the total phenol content of the extract was measured by Folin-Ciocalteo and the total flavonoid content was determined by aluminum chloride method. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH method. The in vitro antimicrobial activity test (zone of inhibition, Minimum inhibitory concentration, Minimum bactericidal concentration) against Staphylococcus aureus,  Salmonella Typhimurium, Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes and E. coli was carried out by disk diffusion assay.

Comparison of chemical composition between different organs showed that the content and antioxidant activity of these compounds can vary depending on the organ. Regarding total phenolic and flavonoid contents, concerning stigma for Crocus sativus stigma were higher than petals. The antioxidant capacities of stigma were higher than petals assessed by DPPH methods. The highest antioxidant activity may be due to high phenolic contents in the stigma. The results showed that these microorganisms were highly sensitive to methanol and ethanolic extracts of saffron while they were resistant to aqueous extract.

Our findings suggest the potential of Crocus sativus as a natural antioxidant and preservative in the food industry to prevent food oxidation and control of food pathogens.

Malva sylvestris, one of the most important plants used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic and health industries in most developing countries, has antiseptic properties. Therefore, this research aimed to study essential oil components of Malva sylvestris juice collected from Meshkinshahr and its anti-bacterial property compared to chlorhexidine mouthwash on common bacteria of oral infection.

In this research, Malva sylvestris was collected from the Anzan Meshkin-Shahr area in the northwest of Iran. The essential oil was extracted by Clevengerchr('39')s apparatus, GC and GC/MS devices were used for the analysis of essential oil compounds and accurate measurements of the compounds. Then, the effect of the essential oil of the Malva sylvestris and control on the common bacteria of the oral infection was evaluated in two ways: Disc diffusion And minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC).

According to the results, the essential oil of the herb has a significant inhibitory effect on the types of gram-negative and positive bacteria. Also, comparing the diameter of the non-growth of the plant with chlorhexidine , it was found that the essence of the herb medicine showed relatively similar results to that of the chlorhexidine.

According to the findings, the essential oil of the herb has a good anti-microbial effect against the common bacteria of oral infections. As a result, the essential oil of this plant with different concentrations, after completing studies, can be an appropriate alternative for chemical drugs and chemical mouthwashes in the treatment of oral bacterial infections.

Cannabis is an addictive substance that is a pervasive global problem. Cannabis has many medicinal and psychoactive properties. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are widely used in tissue engineering and organ transplantation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cannabis on the growth and proliferation of adipose tissue MSCs in rats.

In this experimental study, MSCs were extracted from the adipose tissue of adult male rats and after culturing and confirming that they are mesenchymal by flow cytometry method by CD34-RPE, CD90-RPE and CD105-RPE conjugated antibodies, in the fourth passage of cell culture, the effect of cannabis toxicity at concentrations of 100 and1000 ng/mL during1to7 days on the growth process of these cells was investigated using MTT.

The cells detached from the adipose tissue could completely adhere to the floor of the flask, 24 hours after being transferred to the cell culture flasks. The results of flow cytometry showed that the expression of endothelial surface marker was negative and the expression of MSC markers was positive, which confirmed the basic identity of the extracted cells. The results of MTT also showed a significant increase in cell growth up to the third day and then a significant decrease in the growth of cannabis-treated cells up to the sixth day compared to the control group at P<0.05.

The results showed that cannabis has a stimulatory or inhibitory effect on the growth rate of adipose tissue-derived MSCs depending on the duration of use.

Aldose reductase plays an important role in chronic diabetes and can cause tissue complications. Controlling the activity of aldose reductase provides an important strategy in controlling the complications of diabetes. Flavonoids are important inhibitors of aldose reductase. This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory nature of flavonol compounds in fruits and plants on aldose reductase activity by bioinformatic methods.

This study was descriptive-analytical. First, the structure of flavonol compounds, Ranirestat, and enzymes were downloaded from ChemSpider and PDB databases, respectively. Ranirestat was used as the standard drug. The pharmacokinetic properties and toxicity of the compounds were predicted by Swiss ADME, Protox servers, and Toxtree2.5.4 software. Then, to interact the compounds with the enzyme structure, molecular docking was used to method AutoDock Tools 1.5.6. Finally, the results were analyzed using Discovery Studio 3.5 software.

The results showed that all flavonol compounds were desirable in pharmacokinetic properties and lacked toxicity. All compounds were able to inhibit aldose reductase enzymes with different PDB codes. However, among these compounds, the combination of Rutin with average docking energy of 191.21 kcal/ mole (P-value <0.05) had stronger binding energy than the standard Ranirestat drug.

From the results of this study, it can be concluded that among the selected flavonol compounds, the Rutin compound showed stronger inhibitory activity than other flavonol compounds due to its interaction with important amino acids in the active site of the enzyme. As a result, further study of this compound in vivo and in vitro environments can be used as a potential candidate to inhibit the enzyme aldose reductase and ultimately prevent chronic complications of diabetes.

Cardiac tissue engineering is a promising approach for treating cardiac diseases. Since electro-conductivity is an important parameter for cardiac function, here we attempted to produce a conductive scaffold by combining Polypyrrole (as a conductive polymer) and Cardiogel (decellularized heart-derived hydrogel).

The fresh sheep heart was purchased from a slaughterhouse and decellularized using SDS. Then it was digested using pepsin and cardiogel (CG) was prepared. The specific percentages of polypyrrole combined with CG and combined hydrogel were prepared. Then, the combined hydrogel was freeze-dried and the electro-conductive scaffold a CG-Ppy was prepared. Then, cardiac cells were cultured on CG-Ppy scaffold and their viability was assessed using MTS and Live/Dead staining.

Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Alcian Blue and Massonchr('39')s trichrome staining and examination of collagen and DNA showed that all heart cells were removed through decellularization, and only heart extracellular matrix was preserved. Evaluation of the gelation process showed that the combination of CG with 2.5% Ppy was the most suitable combination for the production of CG-Ppy combined hydrogel. MTS and Live/Dead staining showed that CG-Ppy scaffold didn’t have any toxicity for cardiac cells, and more than 90% of cultured cardiac cells were viable after one week.

The electro-conductive combined scaffold CG-Ppy is an appropriate model for cardiac tissue engineering and it supports cardiac cells viability.

 Listeria monocytogenes is known as a foodborne pathogen that causes disease in humans. Also, due to the emergence of drug resistance and the formation of biofilms in the environment, there is a need to use new methods such as probiotics to combat this bacterium. This study aimed to investigate the effect of spore-forming probiotics on hly, plc, inlA virulence genes of Listeria monocytogenes.

In this study, L. monocytogenes serotype 4b strain isolated from human abortion was obtained from Microbial Bank of Iran University of Medical Sciences. Bacillus laterosporus (PTCC 1486) and Bacillus megaterium PTCC1656) were used as probiotic strains. Spore-forming probiotics were co-cultured with L. monocytogenes at different time points. The expression level of virulence genes of L. monocytogenes was assessed by real-time PCR.

The greatest decrease in expression under the influence of Bacillus latrosporus was related to plcA gene after 24 hours of treatment with 6 folds. Bacillus megatrium had the greatest effect on hly gene, so that at 4, 8 and 24 hours after treatment, its expression decreased by 4, 7 and 5 fold, respectively.

The results of the present study showed that both probiotics had an inhibitory effect on the expression of Listeria monocytogenes virulence genes and the inhibitory and therapeutic properties of these probiotics should be considered.

Health-promoting behavior and health literacy is one of the main determinants of health and benefiting from them can increase health behaviors and improve access to health care. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the behavior of patients with tuberculosis and the health literacy of their caregivers in Mashhad.

This descriptive study was performed in 2010 on 90 patients with tuberculosis and 90 caregivers per patient in Mashhad. Multi-stage sampling was used for sampling. Data were collected using a personal information questionnaire and a researcher-made questionnaire to assess patientschr('39') behavior. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16 and descriptive and inferential statistical tests (Spearman correlation and regression and Mann-Whitney and Kruskal varicose veins). The significance level was considered at P<0.05.

The relationship between tuberculosis prevention behaviors and caregiverschr('39') health literacy was significant, so people with higher health literacy levels showed more preventive behaviors. Therefore, it is necessary to pay more attention to health literacy in health promotion programs and increase preventive behaviors.

There was a significant relationship between tuberculosis prevention behaviors and the health literacy of caregivers. Therefore, it is necessary to pay more attention to health literacy in health promotion programs and increase preventive behaviors.

As the composition of lipids in atherosclerosis is one of the main factors for indicating plaque vulnerability, a sensitive and accurate diagnostic method is desirable in the inspection of interiors of veins and arteries. In this regard, Intravascular Photoacoustic (IVPA) imaging modality is developed as a new and fast-growing medical diagnostic method. In this project, a novel analytical and signal processing methodology for increasing the axial resolution of a frequency-modulated photoacoustic imaging system is considered.

In this study, a photoacoustic imaging modality using an orthogonal correlated signal processing algorithm has been considered. The method uses a 1210 nm CW diode laser which modulates coherently-synchronously by pre-programmed and synthesized chirped signal.

The orthogonal correlated coherent photoacoustic imaging technique was developed as a novel method to increase the axial resolution of frequency-modulated photoacoustic system. The ultimate attainable axial resolution was ~ 20 um for cholesterol oleate.

Medical Photoacoustic imaging uses non-ionizing radiation to detect targets that harm living organisms in the human body. Different methods, in terms of modulation and signal processing, have been developed to render the chemical and topological properties of specific biological compounds. In this work, a novel frequency-modulated PA imaging based on an orthogonal correlation signal processing approach was developed. According to the experimental results and theoretical predictions, the present method was able to reach as low as ~20um axial resolution for cholesterol oleate.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has changed the epidemiology and prognosis of intestinal opportunistic parasitic infections. The present study was done to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal coccidiosis in HIV/AIDS patients with gastroenteritis.

This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Laboratory of HIV/AIDS Research Station of Fasa University of Medical Sciences, in southern Iran, from October 2013 to December 2020. Demographic data were collected by interviewing 68 participants (54 males and 14 females). Fecal samples were sent and examined for opportunistic parasites using wet mount, formalin-ethyl acetate method, acid-fast stain, nested polymerase chain reaction for the detection and confirmation of Cryptosporidium spp., Isospora belli, Cyclospora cayetanensis.

The findings confirmed 2 cases (2.9%) infected with Giardia cysts, 1 case (1.5%) infected with Entamoeba coli cysts and 1 case (1.5%) infected with Cryptosporidium and I. belli co-infection in a man suffering from gastroenteritis.

This is the first detected case of gastroenteritis caused by co-infection of Cryptosporidium and I. belli in a man with AIDS occurring in the city of Fasa. If there are no other agents for gastroenteritis, the intestinal coccidiosis in such patients in Iran should not be ignored.

Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer among women and is the first cause of cancer death in women. The use of targeted therapies is based on biomarkers and specific targets that are identified by different methods. The presence of rs7816345 polymorphism seems to be involved in tumorigenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between rs7816345 polymorphism (close to ZFN703 gene) and the incidence of breast cancer in the East Azerbaijan population.

 In this study, 100 blood samples from patients with breast cancer and 100 blood samples from healthy persons as the control group were selected. Then, the DNA was extracted from all samples. In the next step, the specimens with specific primer were amplified by PCR. Finally, PCR products were treated with TaqI restriction enzyme and electrophoresed on agarose gel. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 21 by descriptive and chi-square test.The significance level was considered to be less than 0.05

The percentage of T allele in healthy persons and patients was 44.5% and 69.5%, respectively, and the percentage of allele C was 55.5% and 30.5% in healthy persons and patients, respectively. The results of this study show that the T allele in patients is 25% higher than normal people, and the C allele in patients is 25% lower than healthy ones.

There is probably a relationship between the increase in the T allele frequency (25%) and the incidence of breast cancer, because early diagnosis of cancer and breast cancer is the most important step in its treatment. The presence of a marker for early diagnosis before disease progression and even informing the healthy person of having a potential for breast cancer can be very promising and have new hopes for discovery and create new ways to cope with cancer in the world.

Malnutrition and ignorance of growth and development of children might cause irrecoverable physical and mental effects. This study aims to assess the growth pattern of children living in a nursery aged birth to 6 years in order to compare it with the global health standards.

This observational cross-sectional study was conducted in Shiraz Hazrat Valiasr Nursery. 90 children living in the nursery from birth to 6 years who were resident for more than 6 months were included in our study. Weight and Height were recorded and data collected were subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS 24 software, and Chi-square test of association was used.

Out of 90 children between the age group birth to 6 years living in the nursery, 50 (55.6%) were male and 40 (44.4%) were female. Underweight, normal, overweight and obese were found in 35.6%, 48.9%, 11.1% and 4.4% cases respectively. Regarding the height status, normal and stunting were found to be 43.3% and 56.7%. According to statistical tests, there was no relationship between gender and weight, and height. However, there was a significant relation between the mean age of children and weight.

The height and weight of the children living in this center, at the young ages, showed more deviation from the standard percentiles. In other words, as the average age increases, the deviation from the standard percentages of height and weight decreases. It means that after the proper cares at mentioned center, the children growth status has improved.

Lipoblastoma is a rare, benign lesion of adipose tissue that usually occurs in upper and lower limbs. However, lipoblastoma of head and neck, trunk, mediastinum, mesenteric, retroperitoneum, kidneys, and perineal region has been reported to date. In this case report, we introduce lipoblastoma in a 16-month female infant who was referred to the clinic by her parents because of a rapid growing mass in labia major region from 2 months ago. In imaging, an ill-defined lobulated mass with heterogeneous enhancement was found adjacent to the pubis and left inferior ramus that was suggestive of soft tissue sarcoma. The patient underwent incomplete radical vulvectomy. Histopathological study reported "lipoblastoma" as a definite diagnosis. Five-year follow up revealed no recurrence. Although genital lipoblastoma is a rare, benign lesion, it should be differentiated from malignant tumors such as liposarcoma.

Over the past few decades different Schiff bases have been studied which show that these compounds are prepared by condensation reaction of aldehydes and ketones with different amines. In this research, some heterocyclic Schiff bases were synthesized and their antibacterial activity were evaluated against different bacteria. In continuation of research, physicochemical properties of synthetic Schiff bases were predicted.

In this research, initially, compounds 3a-3c and 6 were synthesized through condensation reaction of benzaldehyde derivatives with pyridine-2-amine and thiophen-2-amine derivatives. The structures of the synthetic Schiff bases were confirmed by spectroscopy data such as infrared, mass spectrometric, nuclear magnetic resonance of hydrogen and carbon. Antibacterial activity of all synthesized compounds were evaluated against different bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Bacillus subtilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae). Also, physicochemical properties perpetrated heterocyclic Schiff bases checked using Molinspiration calculating server.

Among these synthetic derivatives, compounds 3a and 3c are the most effective compounds against Salmonella typhi. Physicochemical analysis indicated that all the synthesized compounds have good oral absorption from intestinal tract.

Among these synthetic heterocyclic Schiff bases, compounds 3a and 3c could be considered as antibacterial agents with broad spectrum. Physicochemical properties showed that all the compounds obeyed Lipinski’s rule of five and likely have a good oral absorption.

By increasing resistance due to overuse of antibiotics, it seems necessary to find alternative materials that have both antibacterial properties close to antibiotics and have minimal side effects for humans. Abundant research has been done on the use of nanoparticles with antibacterial properties. The aim of this study is to investigate the antibacterial properties of gamma alumina quantum dots.

Gamma alumina quantum dots (Al2O3-g) were prepared by sol-gel method. Structural, physical and optical properties and of this nanoparticles were appraised by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL), visible-ultraviolet spectroscopy (UV-Vis) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Biological activity of gamma alumina nanoparticles against 11 types of bacteria was measured by MIC and MBC methods.

Results show the size of the synthesized nanoparticles is less than ten nanometers. The power of minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) by gamma alumina quantum dots is related to its particle size, which interpenetrates and destroys the bacterial wall more easily. Gamma alumina quantum dots show good activity against bacterial growth.

The antibacterial activity of alumina quantum nanoparticles showed desirable effects for a variety of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, fungi and yeasts at the lowest inhibitory concentrations. These nanoparticles can be a great alternative to antibiotics and making these nanoparticles is economical, cost-effective and is less time-consuming.

Adherence to medication regimen in the elderly is of particular importance for improving medical care. By definition, the term health literacy is the degree to which individuals have the ability to find, understand, and use information and services to inform health-related decisions and actions for themselves and others. Therefore, the general purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between health literacy and adherence to medication regimen in the elderly with asthma in the pulmonary clinic of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran.

The present study is a descriptive-analytical research and correlation type. A total of 240 people over 60 years old with asthma referred to the pulmonary clinic of the hospital and were selected by available sampling method. To collect data, TOFHLA adult health literacy tool, MMAS-8 medication adherence questionnaire, demographic information questionnaire and AMT test were used to determine the cognitive status of the elderly. Data were analyzed by independent-samples t-test and Pearson correlation method using SPSS 21 software.

Based on data analysis, there was a statistically significant and direct relationship between health literacy and adherence to medication regimen (r = 0.155, p <0.016).

According to study findings, as the health literacy increased, adherence to medication regimen increased as well.

Iron deficiency anemia has devastating effects on physical and mental health as the World Health Organization has identified this anemia as an important nutritional and public health problem worldwide. Therefore, due to the importance of the subject, the aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between the amount of iron intake with anemia and other related factors in the PERSIAN cohort of Fasa in 2019.

This descriptive-analytical study was performed based on cohort data of Fasa. Accordingly, 10,138 people from the cohort population were included in the study from 2015 to 2017. Sampling was done by Census. Data were analyzed using SPSS-22 software and Pearson correlation coefficient, independent t-test, and one-way analysis of variance.

4580 (45.2%) were male and 5558 (54.8%) were female. There was a significant relationship between iron deficiency anemia and age, sex, economic status, education level, physical function, energy intake, body mass index, smoking, history of surgery, and number of pregnancies (P <0.05).

Based on the results of the present study, a wide range of factors associated with iron deficiency anemia were identified. Managers and policymakers of the health system can use the findings of this study to develop appropriate health protocols for education and prevention.

Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder of the small intestine. The use of a gluten-free diet is the most important method of treating celiac disease. Corn and rice flour are alternative options for wheat flour in bakery products. The aim of this study was to investigate the preparation of baguette bread with corn and rice flour combined with gums.

Gluten-free baguette bread was prepared with a mixture of equal parts of corn and rice flour with hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose and Persian gums in different concentrations (0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1%).

The results showed that hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose and Persian gums cause the yield of dough to increase significantly and decrease yield percent of baguette gluten free bread compared to control samples. By adding gums, water content and fiber of samples in compared control treatment increased. Moreover, gums increased the volume and improved the color appearance of baguette bread samples containing gum, but there was no significant difference in uniformity characteristics of the back of gluten-free baguette samples. Adding gums reduce the staling time after cooking baguette bread containing gum (by sensory and texture analyzer). Furthermore, adding gums increases the volume of baguette bread samples containing gum.

The results show that the use of corn and rice flour with hydroxy, propylmethylcellulose gums and Persian gum is possible to produce gluten-free baguette and can be used in the diet of celiac patients.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women, especially in developed countries. Because of resistance to chemotropic drugs, the development of new green drugs is crucial. Essential oils with a broad range of bioactivities such as antioxidant and anticancer activities are great resources for research and development. In this study, anticancer effects of clove (Syzygium aromaticum) essential oil as the common medicinal plant against some human breast cancer cell lines was investigated.

Components of clove essential oil were identified. The anticancer effect of the essential oil and its major ingredient (eugenol) was investigated on four human breast cancer cell lines.

Ninety-two percent of clove essential oil was included by eugenol (65%), trans-caryophyllene (12%), eugenol acetate (10%), caryophyllene oxide (3%), and a-humulene (2%). Both clove essential oil and eugenol showed proper effect (IC50 µg.mL-1) on targeted cell lines, MCF-7 (151.94 and 86.13), MDA-MB-175 (162.92 and 33.25), MDA-MB-231 (180.61 and 69.75), and MDA-MB-468 (211.11 and 53.91).

Regarding the proper anticancer effects of both samples, they could be considered as anticancer agents for further investigation.

Toxic free radicals produced by titanium dioxide nanoparticles have adverse effects on the reproductive system and can affect the semen quality and decrease fertility. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of titanium dioxide on in vitro fertilizing potential in albino mice.

In this experimental study, 24 adult male mice were divided into 4 control and experimental groups. The experimental groups received titanium dioxide at 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg by gavage. After the end of the treatment period, animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation and then sperm samples were collected from cauda epididymis to investigate in vitro fertilization. The level of p<0.05 was considered significant.

In vitro fertilization results showed that titanium dioxide significantly reduced embryonic quality and stages of embryological development compared to the control animals. Also, the percentage of arrested embryos in the experimental groups was significantly enhanced versus the control (p<0.05).

The present results exhibited that oxidative stress produced by titanium dioxide causes sperm quality decline and decrease in vitro fertilizing potential in a dose-dependent manner.

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of methamphetamine on pituitary-gonadal hormone axis and testicular tissue.

36 adult male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups including control, experimental 1, 2 and 3. Experimental groups 1, 2 and 3 received 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/kg of methamphetamine, respectively by gavage for 45 days. At the end of the period, blood samples were taken from the hearts of the animals. Hormone levels were measured by ELISA kit and after preparation of tissue sections and staining, testicular tissue changes were studied. Data were analyzed by SPSS software and ANOVA test.

Serum concentrations of testosterone in experimental groups 2 and 3 showed a significant increase compared to the control group. Serum concentrations of LH and FSH hormones in all experimental groups were significantly reduced compared to the control group. The number of spermatogonia, spermatocytes and spermatids in all experimental groups had a significant concentration-dependent decrease compared to the control group. In tissue sections, concentration-dependent changes were observed in the experimental groups in terms of the number of different lineage cells, different cell arrangements, and the spaces created inside the seminiferous tubules compared to the control group.

Methamphetamine use has destructive effects on the pituitary-gonadal axis and testicular tissue which can accelerate the risk of infertility in males.

Nowadays, food safety and security is one of the main issues of human life concerns. Parallel to this, food health also becomes significant for agricultural product consumers. Although organophosphate pesticides such as malathion can have adverse effects on consumer health, they are widely used in food production to increase food security. Results show that besides pesticides benefits, there are some problems such as reduced biodiversity, reduced nitrogen fixation and destruction of fauna residential place specially birds and endangered species. Some of the used pesticides have side effects such as increased salivation, nasal and eye discharge, bronchoconstriction, meiosis, gastrointestinal cramps, high blood pressure and various genetic disorders are left on human bodies. Due to the residues of these toxins in food products, there are many concerns for the health of consumers that use various methods such as washing, peeling and fermentation which can greatly reduce the residual pesticides in food. Although systemic toxins and penetrating toxins from fruits and vegetables do not last for a period of time after their use, they remain in agricultural products and fruits that are not removed by washing, heating, and freezing. Therefore, it is recommended that you use chemical pesticides as a last resort.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of using electron therapy as main treatment modality of mastectomy patients and determine the absorbed dose of lung and heterogeneity and conformity indexes of breast region in this technique and compare it with the conventional method of applying tangential photon beams.

In this study, the CT images of 10 mastectomy patients were used. The CT images were imported into Monaco treatment planning system. Targets and organs at risk were contoured by a radiation oncologist. Then, for each patient, two treatment plans were designed: one with photon fields and the other with electron fields. The prescription dose for each plan was 50 Gy and the plans were designed in a way to deliver 90% of prescription to at least 90% of target volume. Conformity and heterogeneity indexes and absorbed dose of lung were then evaluated and compared.

Comparing the obtained data, it was shown that photon fields provided better conformity and heterogeneity compared to electron fields. Also, due to the different irradiation angles of photon and electron fields, in most patients, photon fields led to lower absorbed dose of lung.

The results of this study showed that in terms of sparing lung and delivering a homogeneous and conformal dose to tumor, radiotherapy of mastectomy cases with tangential photon fields have better results compared to electron therapy.

CD44 is a cellular protein that has been extensively studied for carcinogenicity over the past decade, so the aim of this study is to investigate the expression of CD44 gene in people with lung cancer.

30 tissue samples were taken from the lung tumor and 30 samples were taken from healthy lung tissues. RNA samples were extracted and used for cDNA synthesis. The Real Time RT-PCR test with the GAPDH internal control gene was used to assess CD44 gene expression.

CD44 gene expression in tumor tissues, men, age group over 60 years, smokers and adenoma tumor, respectively 1.2, 1.4, 1.1, 1.9 and 1.1 times higher than healthy samples, women, age group Under 60 years of age, non-smokers had SCC tumors.

Inflammation caused by lung cancer increased the production of CD44 inflammatory factor and thus increased its expression. Evaluating the expression of CD44 gene can be used as a marker to predict lung cancer.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the major frequent form of dementia in which progressive widespread neuronal death leads to death in affected individuals. AD is a highly heritable disorder and diverse genetic factors contribute to its cause and development. The aim of the present review is to introduce genetic factors involved in AD and to elucidate contributions of Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) in the study of mechanisms by which pathogenicity of identified genes occurs. 

In this study, 100 published research papers on the genetics of AD and modelling AD in Drosophila melanogaster were investigated. The English articles were retrieved from verified biological databases published from 1992 to 2020.

Based on the presence of clinical symptoms AD is divided into two main types: early-onset AD (EOAD) and late-onset AD (LOAD). The genetic basis for EOAD is mainly related to mutations in genes involved in the production, aggregation, and clearance of amyloid-beta (Aβ). The genetics of LOAD is more complicated and a mixture of common but less-penetrant genetic factors, such as E4 isoform of apolipoprotein E (APOE), interacts with environmental cues and epigenetic influences. Functional studies using fruit flies demonstrate an association between Aß aggregation/clearance and tau phosphorylation. It has been shown that Aß, tau, and APOE4 contribute to damage in axonal terminals in AD conditions.

Knowing the genetic basis of AD and mechanisms that underlie their pathogenicity can be essential for developing effective treatment strategies. Drosophila melanogaster as an ideal model organism with unique genetic characteristics possesses a crucial functional role in the study of the molecular mechanisms of human neurological disorders.

Currently, breast cancer is the most prevalent malignancy worldwide, with the largest prevalence and mortality among women. The invasion and metastasis are the main causes of death from malignancies. However, the main mechanism of invasion and metastasis is not thoroughly understood. lncRNA is a large class of non-coding transcripts that have more than 200 bases length and cannot encode a protein. Evidence suggests that lncRNA regulates gene expression at epigenetic, transcription, and post-transcriptional levels. In addition, they are involved in several biological process, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis. Chemotherapy resistance is one of the major barriers to breast cancer that limits the effects of targeted and common therapies in clinical settings. Therefore, understanding the underlying mechanisms of drug resistance is necessary to develop strategies to bypass resistance in patients with breast cancer. Several published reports show that lncRNAs play an important role in regulating cell division and provide cells with a drug-resistant phenotype through different manners. The knowledge gained from this review can help to provide new strategies for clinical diagnosis and prevention and reduction of drug resistance in chemotherapy.